How does Playwright's auto-waiting reduce flakiness?

Before every action Playwright runs actionability checks (attached, visible, stable, enabled, receives events) and retries until they pass or the timeout hits, so you rarely need manual sleeps and timing races disappear.

Why should you avoid Thread.sleep() in Selenium?

Thread.sleep blocks for a fixed time regardless of readiness: too long wastes minutes across a suite, too short causes flakiness. Explicit waits poll and continue the instant the condition is met, so tests are faster and more reliable.

Why don't you use async/await with Cypress commands?

Cypress commands are not promises; they are enqueued and run by Cypress's command queue. You chain them and read yielded values with .then(). Mixing await breaks the retry and queue model.

What is MCP (Model Context Protocol) in AI-assisted testing?

MCP is an open protocol that lets AI assistants connect to external tools and data sources through standardized servers, so an AI agent can, for example, drive a browser, query a database or read a repo while helping generate or run tests.

What is a closure in JavaScript and where does it help in test code?

A closure is a function that remembers variables from where it was created. It is useful for counters, private state and per-test fixtures, letting helper functions retain configuration without global state.

Interview Preparation

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